Experimental Analysis of Pre-Forming Parameters on Abnormalities, Thickness, and Void Content of Glass/Epoxy Composite In VBO-Oven Cure Manufacturing

Nur Hafzareen Md Hanafiah; Abdul Rahim Othman

doi:10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.2.4

Authors

Nur Hafzareen Md Hanafiah
nur_g03283@utp.edu.my
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Persiaran UTP, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia, Malaysia
Abdul Rahim Othman Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Persiaran UTP, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia, Malaysia

Vol. 56 No. 2 (2024)

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Published April 30, 2024

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Autoclave-based production of composite laminates leads to extended time requirements, increased manufacturing expenses, and the accumulation of significant residual stress. These limitations have spurred research and innovation in seeking alternative out-of-autoclave (OOA) processing methods. The present study aimed to measure the impact of distinct and combined pre-forming parameters within the pre-forming process of vacuum bagging with oven curing (VBO-oven curing) on thickness, abnormalities, and void content in cured laminates of conventional, cost-effective glass/epoxy autoclave composite material. The abnormalities were analyzed using ultrasonic C-scan and thickness measurement was done to determine thickness variations. A burn-off test was employed to measure the void content. The relationship between processing parameters was subsequently investigated via analysis of variance (ANOVA). Higher thickness standard deviation was yielded at higher abnormality percentages in the C-scan results, resembling total discontinuities and non-uniformities. Voids were highest in the laminate produced via the standard pre-forming process. Edge breather, release wax, and intensifier reduced the void content by approximately 11.87%, 12.93% and 6.85%, respectively.

Md Hanafiah, N. H., & Othman, A. R. (2024). Experimental Analysis of Pre-Forming Parameters on Abnormalities, Thickness, and Void Content of Glass/Epoxy Composite In VBO-Oven Cure Manufacturing. Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences, 56(2), 219–230. https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.2.4

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