Optimizing Evaporator Design in ORC Systems for Waste-to-Energy Conversion Using FAST Diagram and Value Engineering

R. Susalit Setya Wibowo; Satmintareja Satmintareja; Asep Duduh  Abdurahman; Suyatmin Suyatmin; Darmawan Darmawan; Ari  Gunawan; Kusumawati Dewi  Budiarti; Nasrul  Baddu; Adhi  Pramono; Faisal Faisal; Cahyono  Nugroho; Suharto  Ngudiwaluyo; Zico Pratama Putra

doi:10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2026.58.3.4

Authors

R. Susalit Setya Wibowo Technology Evaluation, Value Engineering and Value Analysis Research Group, Research Organization of Energy and Manufacturing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, , Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8292-202X
Satmintareja Satmintareja Technology Evaluation, Value Engineering and Value Analysis Research Group, Research Organization of Energy and Manufacturing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, , Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5468-3108
Asep Duduh Abdurahman Technology Evaluation, Value Engineering and Value Analysis Research Group, Research Organization of Energy and Manufacturing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, , Indonesia
Suyatmin Suyatmin Technology Evaluation, Value Engineering and Value Analysis Research Group, Research Organization of Energy and Manufacturing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, , Indonesia
Darmawan Darmawan Technology Evaluation, Value Engineering and Value Analysis Research Group, Research Organization of Energy and Manufacturing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
Ari Gunawan Technology Evaluation, Value Engineering and Value Analysis Research Group, Research Organization of Energy and Manufacturing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, , Indonesia
Kusumawati Dewi Budiarti Technology Evaluation, Value Engineering and Value Analysis Research Group, Research Organization of Energy and Manufacturing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
Nasrul Baddu Technology Evaluation, Value Engineering and Value Analysis Research Group, Research Organization of Energy and Manufacturing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
Adhi Pramono Technology Evaluation, Value Engineering and Value Analysis Research Group, Research Organization of Energy and Manufacturing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia
Faisal Faisal Technology Evaluation, Value Engineering and Value Analysis Research Group, Research Organization of Energy and Manufacturing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4701-3717
Cahyono Nugroho National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2629-6043
Suharto Ngudiwaluyo Technology Evaluation, Value Engineering and Value Analysis Research Group, Research Organization of Energy and Manufacturing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, , Indonesia
Zico Pratama Putra
zico.pratama.putra@brin.go.id
Research Center for Nuclear Materials and Radioactive Waste Technology (PRTBNLR), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang 15314, Banten, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3465-921X

Vol. 58 No. 3 (2026): Vol. 58 No. 3(2026): June (In Progress)

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Accepted December 2, 2025

Published February 27, 2026

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The global waste crisis necessitates innovative solutions for sustainable energy conversion. This study presents a comprehensive optimization framework for evaporator design in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems utilized in waste-to-energy conversion. This research integrates the Function Analysis System Technique (FAST) diagram with Value Engineering (VE) principles to assess the logical hierarchy and cost analysis components of system effectiveness. Evaluation of the 887 kW shell-and-tube evaporator showed tubes, baffles, and shells account for 90% of production costs and are the most thermally efficient components. Further strategic redesign under VE principles resulted in 23% cost reduction with 15% efficiency improvements, demonstrating resource expenditure without performance compromise. The proposed approach offers a foundational methodology for advancing enduring ORC system design while harnessing high waste-to-value electrical energy conversion at low expenses, fostering the circular economy.

Wibowo, R. S. S., Satmintareja, S., Abdurahman, A. D. ., Suyatmin, S., Darmawan, D., Gunawan, A. ., Budiarti, K. D. ., Baddu, N. ., Pramono, A. ., Faisal, F., Nugroho, C. ., Ngudiwaluyo, S. ., & Putra, Z. P. (2026). Optimizing Evaporator Design in ORC Systems for Waste-to-Energy Conversion Using FAST Diagram and Value Engineering. Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences, 58(3), 348–365. https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2026.58.3.4

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