Comparison of PI and PID Controllers for UPQC Integrated Hybrid Renewable Energy System

Manpreet Singh; Lakhwinder Singh

doi:10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2026.58.4.3

Authors

Manpreet Singh
mnprtsingh95@gmail.com
Electrical Engineering Department, Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College, Fatehgarh Sahib-140407 and Research Scholar, IKGPTU, Jalandhar, Punjab, India https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2740-6521
Lakhwinder Singh Electrical Engineering Department, Baba Banda Singh Bahadur Engineering College, Fatehgarh Sahib-140407, Punjab, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9666-6936

Vol. 58 No. 4 (2026): : August (In Progress)

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Accepted January 14, 2026

Published July 2, 2026

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Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) plays a key role in improving power quality by alleviating voltage and current troubles in electrical distribution systems. The ability of UPQC to respond effectively to power quality turbulences is essentially determined by its control technique. The proportional-integral (PI) and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers are the two most popular control techniques for UPQC. The primary objective of this article is to present a comparative analysis of UPQC performance using PI and PID controllers. The proposed system integrates a photovoltaic system, wind turbine and battery energy storage with UPQC. The PI and PID controllers are employed to regulate the dynamic response of the system. The comparative analysis of the controllers is done on the basis of qualitative parameters such as current response, voltage stability, fast fourier transform (FFT) analysis, step response and quantitative parameters such as total harmonic distortion, maximum overshoot, settling time, power factor, voltage regulation and DC-link deviation. Qualitatively, PID offers smoother current and voltage responses, stronger damping, better harmonic mitigation, and faster transient recovery. Quantitatively, the PID achieves 48% lower THD, 50% reduction in overshoot, halved settling time, improved power factor (0.99 vs. 0.95), and improved voltage regulation (1.7% vs. 4.2%).

Singh, M., & Singh, L. (2026). Comparison of PI and PID Controllers for UPQC Integrated Hybrid Renewable Energy System. Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences, 58(4), 501–513. https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2026.58.4.3

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